Collection: Reverse Osmosis System

Reverse Osmosis (RO) operates by applying high pressure to the feed water and the reverse osmosis membrane, causing water to flow from one side of the membrane (the feed side) to the other (the permeate side). Most other components in the feed water, such as dissolved salts, particles, bacteria, and pyrogens, remain on the feed side of the membrane and are ultimately discharged as waste.

Working Principle of the Reverse Osmosis Membrane
Raw water enters the reverse osmosis membrane through the feed spacer. Under pressure, water passes through multiple membrane layers for filtration. The water that successfully permeates through the membrane is collected via the permeate spacer and directed into the central tube, resulting in RO water. The concentrate, which contains the retained impurities, is discharged along the concentrate path.

Key Performance Indicators of Reverse Osmosis Membranes
The core performance indicators of a reverse osmosis system include salt rejection rate, permeate flow/membrane flux, and recovery rate.

Core Equipment and System Components

(1) Pretreatment System

1. Multi-Media Filter

   • Filled with quartz sand/anthracite to remove suspended particles ≥5μm; turbidity controlled to ≤1 NTU.

   • Equipped with an automatic backwash valve, with the backwash cycle intelligently controlled by a differential pressure sensor.

2. Activated Carbon Adsorption Unit

   • Coconut shell carbon achieves >90% chlorine removal to protect the RO membranes from oxidative damage.

   • Fitted with an online TOC monitor, keeping organic content <0.5 ppm.

3. Softening Resin System

   • Sodium ion exchange reduces hardness to <17.1 mg/L (as CaCO₃), preventing CaCO₃ scaling.

   • Dual-tank alternating regeneration design ensures continuous water supply.

(2) Reverse Osmosis Main Unit

1. Membrane Module Configuration

   • Seawater desalination uses SWC6-HR series membranes (salt rejection rate of 99.8%); brackish water treatment uses ESPA4-LD low-energy membranes.

   • The latest two-stage RO system includes a mid-stage booster pump, increasing recovery rate to 75%.

2. Intelligent Control System

   • PLC integrates multi-parameter sensing modules for SDI, conductivity, pressure, etc.

   • Features automatic chemical cleaning capability, extending membrane life to over 5 years.